Leader Construction

A properly constructed tapered leader is critical for many reasons.  Without a quality leader system your cast will undoubtedly pay the price.  We have tried many leader recommendations and came up with what we feel is the clear winner.  Prime candidates had to be somewhat simple without complicated knots and had the ability to turn large flies in the wind.  The last criteria I looked for was a leader system with options....because a guys got to have options right?  We're going to speak a little about material options (fluorocarbon, mono...), construction (loop connections and knots) and lastly performance.  By the time we are done here you will have a clear path to what we believe is the best leader system out there for smallmouth fishing.

Store bought or hand tied...
 Bob Clouser says he ties his own leaders because it is more economical, but he is a world class guide that provides leaders to possibly hundreds of fisherman each year.  By the time you buy the Berkley Big Game or Maxima Clear mono is the 6 line weights needed to construct the leader you are spending a decent amount of cash (We'll provide links to the best deals around for Big Game later in the article).  Instead of arguing about cost savings I am going to take a different angle.....flexibility.  I'm not talking about the awesome stretching characteristics of mono-filament, but more about the options this leader system gives you over store bought "knot-less" leaders.

Knot-less Tapered Leader...Smooooth!

 Many of you prefer the 6-12 ft knotless leaders available at just about any big box outdoor store.  I used them for years and I was happy with the results.  I read Bob Clousers book and tried his leader system and things changed for me.  Knotless leaders have one key advantage over a hand tied leader....they don't have knots!  I'll admit that knots on a hand tied leader can skip through the guides a little, but once you have the line out is really isn't a problem.  A blood knot creates a tight, barrel shaped knot that glides through the guides much better than a surgeons knot.  If you get really nutty about the knots you can coat them with Hard as Hull to create a slick surface.

Two knots is all you need!  We left the tag ends intact for visual effect.

Fly line clip

Knot-less leaders have one key disadvantage though.  The commercially tapered leader gets shorter as you tie on flies.  After a few flies you have to knot on tippet, so the leader doesn't get too short.  Some guys tie on small clips that allow you to easily switch flies, eliminating multiple knots etc (see right).  Those clips are nice, but I haven't used them much.  I personally like tying in a loop knot to allow the fly to swim a little better.  Tight knots and clips restrict swimming action.  My buddy Dick always says "fish have the brain the size of a gnat" and he's probably right!  Maybe we are just over thinking all of this if we worry about swimming action!

Our leader system has tippet that is linked to the leader with a loop-to-loop connection that allows you to loop on new tippet whenever you want. 


Let's talk knots
I like knowing how to tie knots, but my brain only allows so much in before I start forgetting important stuff.  If I were a mountain climber maybe I would free more space, but for now I need to know enough knots to be dangerous, no more than that!

Our leader system uses two knots, the perfection loop and the blood knot.  Both of these knots are incredibly strong and the both a snap to tie.  Let's start by looking at the perfection loop....this is where YouTube really comes in handy.

I really like the perfection loop because this is the part of the system that gives you the options we spoke about earlier.  Let's start with the fly line itself, most modern fly lines come with a "welded loop" located on the leader end of the line.  The welded loop allows you to connect a leader rather with a loop rather than knotting the leader directly to the line. 

We also use the perfection loop to connect the tippet to the leader.  The loop-to-loop connection between the tippet and tapered portion of the leader allows you to quickly attach new tippet after you tie on a half dozen flies.  New tippet is attached on in under 15 seconds, no knots needed is you have sections of tippet pre-tied!  The main tapered portion of the leader always remains intact, never cut or altered.  I used one leader for the whole season last year! 

Now we will look at the knot used to attach the sections of line together.  We use a blood knot here because it forms a super strong, but tidy knot with a barrel shape.  The shape of the knot allows it to pass through much better than any other knot we tested.  Again....here is a YouTube video to demonstrate the process.

The blood knot is a great way to attach two lines together.  Make sure you lubricate the knot with saliva before you cinch it to make sure the knot doesn't overheat and weaken the line.

Finally....the leader itself

Bob Clouser came up with this leader and we feel it is the best one out there.  Here is the breakdown of the individual sections along with a very ugly line drawing of the leader.  I am not an artist...  We have leader sections listed from 6-9 weight setups.

We used Berkley Big Game to put up our leaders.  Walmart has the best price on Big Game, their price was 50% cheaper than our pals at Cabela's <sarcasm>.  Best case scenario you can pool cash with all of your buddies and buy the line needed to make hundred's of leaders.  There is not doubt they will complaint about the knots, but tell them to give it time.  Their line should be out anyway - if they strip the leader into the guides they need to examine their cast!

One last thing about leader construction we should really address is the handshake between two perfection loops.  If you do not arrange the two loops together correctly the junction can become a weak spot.  The diagram below demonstrates the proper union of two perfection loops.

Performance

Last season we field tested Bob Clouser's recipe and was absolutely blown away at the performance of this system.  I didn't have to carry tippet, only 24" sections of per-looped tippet.  My vest was less cluttered - which is always a good thing!  Most importantly, my cast was better and I was able to roll large flies with ease even in the wind.

The leader had a zero failure rate at the perfection loop connections or at the blood knots.  I did have to clean the knots periodically, but that was not a big deal at all.  In fact, I used one tapered leader for the whole season!  

If you decided to do the crayfish hop remember to remove this leader and loop on a section of straight mono.  No need to use a tapered leader in this case.....Tim Holschlag recommends fluorocarbon for this application!

I hope you found this lengthy post helpful and you'll give this system a try.  Tying leaders is a great way to spend those cold winter evenings.

Casting Weighted Flies

Bob Clouser fly fishing for smallmouth bass. Photo by Cathy & Barry Beck

Matt left me a comment asking me to post information on how to effectively cast weighted flies and  strike indicators.  Weighted flies, especially clousers can cause all sorts of casting problems including snagged hats and even damaged rods.  I fished with a buddy that actually broke his fancy graphite rod by hitting the shaft with a clouser.  The weight on the clouser slammed into the rod at a very high speed and shattered the blank.  I have read many stories of guys snagging their head/scalps, eyes, ears, legs etc.  When you are casting large weighted flies always wear a hat and glasses.  Safety first!

Bob Clouser is the Granddaddy of weighted flies, so it's only natural we use his techniques here on the Smallmouth Fly Box.  His book Fly Fishing For Smallmouth Bass is a book all smallmouth fisherman should own.  His other book, Clouser's Flies is another one that should be on every fly fisherman's shelf.  Well, Bob recommends an oval cast when casting weighted or large flies.  The oval cast is called many things - Belgium cast, elliptical cast....but we are going with the oval cast in this post.

The concept of the oval cast is detailed in the video below (towards the end).  The oval shape of the cast keeps the fly away from the line and allows it to roll nicely.  The cast is also performed to the side of your body which usually keeps you from getting hooked.

Here is an excerpt from Bob Clouser's book Fly Fishing for Smallmouth Bass:

"Many of the flies I use for smallmouth bass are either heavy of wind resistant.  When casting these flies, I most often use a special cast designed for weighted flies.  This cast is also useful for sinking-tip lines and shooting tapers.  Often called the Belgium, oval, or elliptical cast, the basic idea behind it is to smoothly pull the fly line, leader, and weighted fly around in an oval with a low but upward-moving backcast and a higher forward cast.  Unlike dry-fly casting, you want to keep your loops relatively wide--though not so wide that the cast is inefficient--and minimize false casting."

In the book Bob has a wonderful pictorial series on pages 107-112 that demonstrates this technique beautifully.  Between the video above and Bob's book you should be a casting pro in no time.

I hope this post has been helpful.  My next post is going to readdress leader construction.  I have tested many leader configurations and have settled on a tapered leader that works great for larger flies.  Best of luck to all of you and if you have additional questions or would like to post a comment please feel free to do so.

Pearow's Bentback Spider

Recipe
Hook:  Mustad 3261 (Size 8)
Thread:  6/0 Uni
Body:  Brown Yarn or Micro Chenille
Legs:  Sili-Legs
Wing:  Buck tail
Head:  Thread

Here is one I found from Pearow on The Bass Pond.  Pearow caught some big bluegills on this spider, but I could easily see bass hammering it too.

The key is to bend a 15 degree angle in the shank.  Any more than 15 degrees and the spider will spin on the retrieve.  This is a very simple pattern that is just fantastic.  The hook rides up making this spider snag resistant.

Notice the bend in the bottom hook....slight bend is all you need.

Gibby's Skitter Bug

Gibby's Skitter Bug

Recipe
Hook: No. 8 Gamakatsu S-10 3F
Thread: 8/0 Uni Chartreuse
Tail: Marabou
Flash: 3-4 strands pearl Krystal Flash
Under-body: Pearl micro-chenille
Body: White foam
Popper: Large Sequin
Eyes: 3D prism eyes

This is one of my favorite bluegill patterns.  I happened on a good bluegill spot this morning and grabbed this pattern...had a blast!  The sequin adds a nice popping action to a very simple streamer.

This is one of Steve Gibson's fantastic patterns.  Steve's Myakka Minnow is another killer for bluegill!

Gibby's Myakka Minnow

The Salmo Minnow

I spent the morning fishing with my buddy Peter...had a great time.  We tried a local DNR largemouth growing lake that is designated for catch and release only.  Peter is an awesome fisherman, so it's always great to get out and spend time with a real pro.

The hot lure today was the Salmo Minnow (http://salmofishing.com/lures/minnow.html#more) in the red and white (Red Head) color.  I got the Salmo lures at Northwind Lodge in Ely, MN (The Red Rock Wilderness Store) when we visited last year.  The fish would not leave the Salmo Minnow alone on that trip and today was another day with King Salmo.  Something about red and white.....

If you haven't tried Salmo products you should give the a try.  Salmo lures are high quality and extremely durable - and they really catch fish!

The bluegills were still spawning and hitting like piranha.  A guy with a clutch of small bluegill flies would have a ball at this lake!  The fly rod was not the ticket today, but it was the first time we fished this particular lake....maybe next time! 

The Neptune

I test drove the Neptune today and really like the action it has in the water.  Great sparkle and nice sink rate.  This pattern has great potential on the river.

We caught a few good ones today.  Another great day on the water with Pete.

Notice the 4" Salmo Red Head in the Picture!

Neptune

Recipe
Hook:  Mustad 3366 (Size 2) & Tiemco 8089 (Size 6)
Thread:  6/0 Brown Uni
Tail:  Spirit River Jailhouse Marabou (Orange/Black)
Articulated Portion:  Hareline UV Polar Chenille Rusty Copper UV
Mid-Section:  Spirit River Jailhouse Marabou (Orange/Black) - Covers Union of Two Hooks
Body:  Hareline UV Polar Chenille Rusty Copper UV
Weight:  .030 Lead Wire

I sent this fly to Ward Bean a few years back as an alternate/improvement to his Articulated Streamer.  Ward's original was excellent, but he used palmered hackle to form the body of the streamer.  I used a new material at the time called palmer chenille.  Ward liked my version and made his pattern and made a few modifications of mine to come up with his Palmer Chenille Articulated Minnow.

I prefer the unkempt version above especially with the UV Polar Chenille.  The UV Polar Chenille has longer fibers and has a very enticing reflection and movement in the water.  The articulated tail section wobbles just like a jointed Rapala!

You have seen this pattern in a one-piecer on the blog before, I called it the Copperhead Streamer.  I really like the look of this as an articulated streamer.

My son really likes astronomy and when he saw this pattern on the bench reflecting a purple, blue and copper light spectrum he called it The Neptune.  Kind of a fitting name!

This pattern is made up of very few materials....which is always a great thing.  Try all kinds of palmer chenille and let me know how things turn out.